How will the right answer fit in terms of support and conclusion?

Only the right answer will call out why this support doesn’t establish this conclusion.

Highlight the main conclusion in the passage, if there is one:

there are exceptions.

[BACKGROUND], yet [CONCLUSION]. For instance, [SUPPORT].

The author relied on making a comparison to support their conclusion. Even if you’re not sure what flaw you’re supposed to be looking for here, you should recognize the right answer is very likely to make the same comparison between “logicians” and “physicians.”

Map the wording of the answers to the wording of the passage:

(A) …whereas physicians…

This answer draws a contrast between logicians and physicians, the same two groups the author compared in the passage. That’s enough to keep this in the running for now.

That said, it’s saying pretty clearly that logicians are not an exception, since it’s definitely important for them to be competent. That’s a “questionable aspect” of the argument for sure.

(B) …the physician may not be able to treat patients effectively

This doesn’t compare physicians to logicians, and “deteriorates badly” is more extreme than just not having a “healthy lifestyle”, which is the wording the passage used. So even if this is true, the author’s conclusion could still work.

(C) physicians who are incompetent to practice medicine…

…aren’t mentioned in the passage. We’re only concerned with whether physicians have “healthy lifestyles”.

(D) it is more difficult to become logical…

This is making a comparison that sounds warm, but the physicians and logicians aren’t actually mentioned here. And since the author never talked about whether it’s “difficult to become” anything, this doesn’t map to the argument well at all.

(E) …it is highly desirable

Cool story, but the passage never says anything about what’s “desirable”.

(A) is the correct answer.